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A single server takes the entire burden to handle all services (web, email, database, DNS etc).
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Services are specifically spread across multiple servers in a well-organized structure, making them easier to be managed, maintained and protected.
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Single-point failure happens when hardware failure or server crash.
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No single-point failure risk.
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No standby server to operate when a server failure happens.
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Standby server always available to continue functioning when failure happens.
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All Application contents & applications served by a single server.
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Application contents & applications served by multiple servers in parallel action for faster delivery.
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100% of requests are processed by a single server.
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Requests are prioritized and distributed to multiple servers intelligently to speed up the response time.
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Databases are stored in the same web server that is more vulnerable to malicious access.
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Databases are securely stored in the back-end server and well protected from direct access.
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Limited firewall protection.
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More firewalls can be set up within cluster layers for better security.
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Lengthy email queuing occurs when sending a massive number of emails.
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Email queue is distributed to multiple mail servers to noticeably reduce the email processing time.
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More vulnerable to DDOS attack.
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Smart load balancing to multiple servers reduces the chance of DDOS to crash your Application or applications.
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Downtime happens during hardware maintenance and repair.
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The server still continues functioning during hardware maintenance and repair.
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Can only scale up (Adding more CPUs or memory to a single server)
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Flexible to scale up (Add more CPUs and memory to a single server) and scale out (Add more servers to a cluster)
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